Question 1 3+6+6=15 Marks

Q.1 (a): In how many ways can 4 boys and 5 girls sit in a row if every boy and girl has to sit side by side?

Ans: Formula is given by

Q.1 (b): Briefly explain the terms mutually exclusive events, exhaustive events and sample space.
Ans:
Mutually exclusive events: Two events A and B of a single experiment are said to be mutually exclusive or disjoint if and only if they cannot both occur at the same time i.e. they have no points in common.

Exhaustive Events: Events are said to be collectively exhaustive, when the union of mutually exclusive events is equal to the entire sample space S.

Sample Space: A set consisting of all possible outcomes that can result from a random experiment (real or conceptual), can be defined as the sample space for the experiment and is denoted by the letter S.
Each possible outcome is a member of the sample space, and is called a sample point in that space.


Q.1 (c): A fair coin is tossed. Make a sample space and find the probability of the followings:
I) One head appears
II) One tail appears
III) No head appear
Ans: The Sample Space is

(I) P(One head appears)=1/2
(II)P(One tail appears)=1/2
(II)P(No head appears)=1/2
Question 2 5+10 Marks
(a): In a simple linear regression , interpret the coefficients “a” and “b”.]
Ans: Y = a + bX
Where
• Y represents the dependent variable
• X represents the independent variable
• a represents the Y-intercept
(i.e. the value of Y when X is equal to zero)
• b represents the slope of the line
(i.e. the value of the tan q, where q represents the angle between the line and the horizontal axis)

(b): A computer while computing the correlation coefficient between two variables x and y from 25 pairs of observations, obtained the following results:

It was, however discovered at the time of re-checking that it had mistakenly copied down two pairs of observations as below:
x y
11 10
9 7
While the correct values were
x y
14 8
12 9
Now find out the correct value of correlation coefficient between x and y.

Due Date:

Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted before or on 20^th November 2009.

Max Marks: 20

Uploading instructions:

Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.

o The assignment should be in .doc format.

o Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bx020200786.doc).

o The assignment submission through email is highly discouraged.

Rules for Marking:

It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:

o The assignment is submitted after due date.

o The submitted assignment file is corrupted.

o The assignment is copied.

o The assignment material is directly copied from internet.

Note:

Your answer must follow the below given specifications. You will be assigned no marks if you do not follow these instructions.

· Font style: “Times New Roman”

· Font color: “Black”

· Font size: “12”

· Bold for heading only.

· Font in Italic is not allowed at all.

· No formatting or bullets are allowed to use.

Q1. Why is Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) very important to National Economy? & list down the benefits of CIM. Marks (10+10)

TOTAL MARKS: 15

Due Date: 19.11. 2009

Objective:

• To evaluate and enhance students’ understanding and conceptual learning of the subject.

• To examine vocabulary, inferring skills and understanding of text through cloze paragraph.
• To enable them to comprehend any text by sharpening the reading skill.

Instructions:

1. Late assignments will not be accepted.
2. Plagiarism will never be tolerated. Plagiarism occurs when a student uses work done by someone else as if it was his or her own or just copy pastes the material from handouts or any internet source without rephrasing it in his/her own words.

Q1. Define ‘Time relaters’ and ‘value words’ with examples. 3+ 2 =5

Q2-Complete the paragraph by choosing words from the list given. 10

commit, penalties, further, misdoing, occur, protests, enlist, injustices, forced, tragedy.

Those examples of poetic justice that----------in medieval and Elizabethan literature, and that seem so satisfying, have encouraged a whole school of twentieth-century scholars to “find”------------ examples. In fact, these scholars have merely----------- victimized character into a moral framework by which the injustices inflicted on them are, somehow or other, justified. Such scholars deny that the sufferers in a -------------- are innocent; they blame the victims themselves for their tragic fates. Any ----------- is enough to subject a character to critical whips.

Yet it should be remembered that the Renaissance writer Matteo Bandello strongly ------- the injustice of the severe ----------------- issued to women for acts of disobedience that men could, and did, --------------- with virtual impunity. And Shakespeare, Chaucer, and Webster often ------------ their readers on the side of their tragic heroines by describing -------------- so cruel that readers cannot but join in protest.

Virtual University of Pakistan is providing Distance Learning Education All Over The world.

Q1. Why is Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) very important to National Economy? & list down the benefits of CIM.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM).

Computer Integrated Manufacturing, known as CIM, is the phrase used to describe the complete automation of a manufacturing plant, with all processes functioning under computer control and digital information tying them together. Quite often it was mistaken for the concept of a "lights out" factory. It includes CAD/CAM, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing, CAPP, computer-aided process planning, CNC, computer numerical control machine tools, DNC, direct numerical control machine tools, FMS, flexible machining systems, ASRS, automated storage and retrieval systems, AGV, automated guided vehicles, use of robotics and automated conveyance, computerized scheduling and production control, and a business system integrated by a common data base. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) in engineering is a method of manufacturing in which the entire production process is controlled by computer. The traditionally separated process methods are joined through a computer by CIM.

Impact to national economy.

This integration allows the processes to exchange information with each other and enable them to initiate actions. Through this integration, manufacturing can be faster and with fewer errors. Yet, the main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes. Typically CIM relies on closed-loop control processes, based on real-time input from sensors. It is also known as flexible design and manufacturing .This technology contributes to several national economic prosperity goals. Its major contribution is to job creation and economic growth because it is an essential part of the new manufacturing infrastructure centered on computer- controlled manufacturing. For example, by contributing to reducibility and lower costs of "clean cars," CIM support software plays an important role in making clean cars more economically viable and giving U.S. industry advantage in the new generation of vehicles for world markets. It provides one of the tools which can be used to excel at the products and processes identified by the NEMI as essential for future competitiveness of U.S. electronics industry in world markets. It provides the capabilities to work with new materials tailored specifically to the needs of automotive, electronics, construction and aircraft industries, and is essential to the design and economic production of sophisticated new automobiles and aircraft. Finally, CIM support software contributes to the harnessing of information technology because many of the physical components of the information infrastructure, e.g., integrated circuits, can be manufactured more productively with reliance on CIM.

CIM implies that there are at least two computers exchanging information, e.g. the controller of a arm robot and a microcontroller of a CNC machine.
Some factors involved when considering a CIM implementation are the production volume, the experience of the company or personnel to make the integration, the level of the integration into the product itself and the integration of the production processes. CIM is most useful where a high level of ICT is used in the company or facility, such as CAD/CAM systems, the availability of process planning and its data. Although none of what this says is correct.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM): It is the total integration of Computer Aided Design / Manufacturing and also other business operations and databases. It is concept/philosophy about the implementation of various integrated computer systems in factory automation. and Job Definition Format (JDF) are becoming increasingly beneficial to printing companies to streamline their production process.

The heart of computer integrated manufacturing is CAD/CAM. Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems are essential to reducing cycle times in the organization. CAD/CAM is a high technology integrating tool between design and manufacturing. CAD techniques make use of group technology to create similar geometries for quick retrieval. Electronic files replace drawing rooms.
CIM benefit

According to the U.S. National Research Council, CIM improves production productivity by 40 to 70 percent, as well as enhances engineering productivity and quality. CIM can also decrease design costs by 15 to 30 percent, reduce overall lead time by 20 to 60 percent, and cut work-in-process inventory by 30 to 60 percent. Managers who use CIM believe that there is a direct relationship between the efficiency of information management and the efficiency and the overall effectiveness of the manufacturing enterprise. Flexible machining systems (FMS) are extensions of group technology and cellular manufacturing concepts. Using integrated CAD/CAM, parts can be designed and programmed in half the time it would normally take to do the engineering. The part programs can be downloaded to a CNC machining center under the control of an FMS host computer. The FMS host can schedule the CNC and the parts needed to perform the work. Just in time (JIT) – A Japanese idea that inventory is manufactured (or acquired) only as the need for it arises or in time to be sold (or used). A major goal is to cut down on inventory investment.

Q No. 1 (a): In how many ways can 4 boys and 5 girls sit in a
row if every boy and girl has to sit side by side?
In order to fulfill the given condition, the seating arrangement must be as
follows.
GIRL BOY GIRL BOY GIRL BOY GIRL BOY GIRL
5 girls can seat in 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120 ways
4 boys can seat in 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24 ways
Total number of ways in which 5 girls and 4 boys can sit fulfilling the
given condition = 120 × 24 = 2880
Q No. 1 (b): Briefly explain the terms mutually exclusive
events, exhaustive events and sample space.
Mutually Exclusive Events: Those events that cannot occur at the same
time.
Example: When we toss the coin, we get either Heads or Tails but not both.
Exhaustive Events: Events are said to be collectively exhaustive, when the union of mutually exclusive events is the entire sample space.
Example: When we toss a coin, then Heads and Tails are collectively known as Exhaustive Events.
Sample Space: Sample Space is a set which consists of all possible outcomes resulting from a random experiment
Example: Sample Space in case of a fair die is S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Q No. 1 (c): A fair coin is tossed. Make a sample space and find
the probability of the followings:
I. One head appears
II. One tail appears
III. No head appears
The sample space for a toss is S = {Heads, Tails}
One head appears = . = 0.5
One tail appears = . = 0.5
No head appears = . = 0.5
Q No. 2 (a): In a simple linear regression yˆ = a + bx , interpret the
coefficients “a” and “b”.
a is called the y-intercept, and b indicates the rate of change in y with
respect to x and is formally known as the slope of the line.
Q No. 2 (b): A computer while computing the correlation
coefficient between two variables x and y from 25 pairs of
observations, obtained the following results:
n = 25 , Σx = 125 , Σx2 = 650 , Σy = 100 , Σy2 = 460 , Σxy = 508
It was, however discovered at the time of re-checking that it
had mistakenly copied down two pairs of observations as
below:
x y
11 10
9 7
While the correct values were
x y
14 8
12 9
Now find out the correct value of correlation coefficient
between x and y.
Correct Σx = 125 – 11 – 9 + 14 + 12 = 131
Correct Σy = 100 – 10 – 7 + 8 + 9 = 100
Correct Σx2 = 650 – 112 – 92 + 142 + 122 = 788
Correct Σy2 = 460 – 102 – 72 + 82 + 92 = 456
Correct Σxy = 508 – (11 × 10) – (9 × 7) + (14 × 8) + (12 × 9) = 555


= 0.41

It will give you alot more idea how to attempt eng201 quiz





















regards

1. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) is an enlightening flame for all human
beings.
2. What qualities made him a paragon personality forever?